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Apple II

"Apple 2" redirects here. For the nuclear test during Operation Teapot, see Apple-2.
Not to be confused with Macintosh II.
This article is about the first mass-produced Apple computer. For an overview of the series of computers based on it, see Apple II series.

Apple II
Apple II in a common 1977 configuration, with a 9" monochrome monitor, game paddles, and a Red Book-recommended Panasonic RQ-309DS cassette deck
DeveloperSteve Wozniak (lead designer)
ManufacturerApple Computer, Inc.
Product familyApple II series
Release dateJune 1977 (1977-06)[1]
Introductory priceUS$1,298 (equivalent to $6,530 in 2023)
DiscontinuedMay 1979 (1979-05)
Operating systemInteger BASIC / Apple DOS
CPUMOS Technology 6502
@ 1.023 MHz
Memory4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 36, 48, or 64 KiB
StorageAudio cassette,
Disk II (5.25-inch, 140 KB, Apple)
DisplayNTSC video out (built-in RCA connector)
GraphicsLo-res: 40×48, 16-color
Hi-res: 280×192, 8-color[2]
Sound1-bit speaker (built-in)
1-bit cassette input (built-in microphone jack)
1-bit cassette output (built-in headphone jack)
InputUpper-case keyboard, 52 keys
Controller inputPaddles
ConnectivityParallel port card (Apple and third party); Serial port card (Apple and third party); SCSI
PredecessorApple I
SuccessorApple II Plus
An Apple II computer with an external modem

The Apple II (stylized as apple ][) is an early personal computer that was created by Apple Inc. It was one of the first successful mass-produced microcomputer products, and it played a significant role in the early development of the personal computer industry.[3] It has an 8-bit microprocessor.

The Apple II was designed primarily by Steve Wozniak; Jerry Manock developed the design of Apple II's foam-molded plastic case,[4] Rod Holt developed the switching power supply,[5] while Steve Jobs was not involved in the design or development of the computer.[6] It was introduced by Jobs and Wozniak at the 1977 West Coast Computer Faire, and marks Apple's first launch of a personal computer aimed at a consumer market—branded toward American households rather than businessmen or computer hobbyists.[7]

The three computers that Byte magazine referred to as the "1977 Trinity" of home computing: Commodore PET 2001, Apple II, and TRS-80 Model I

Byte magazine referred to the Apple II, Commodore PET 2001, and TRS-80 as the "1977 Trinity".[8] As the Apple II had the defining feature of being able to display color graphics, the Apple logo was redesigned to have a spectrum of colors.[9][10]

The Apple II is the first model in the Apple II series, followed by Apple II+, Apple IIe, Apple IIc, Apple IIc Plus, and the 16-bit Apple IIGS—all of which remained compatible. Production of the last available model, Apple IIe, ceased in November 1993.[11]

The Apple II is widely regarded as one of the most important personal computers of all time due to its role in popularizing home computing and influencing later software development.[12][13][14][15]

  1. ^ Weyhrich, Steven (July 10, 2010). "1969-1977". Apple II History. Archived from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  2. ^ http://laboratorium.net/archive/2009/03/08/why_did_the_applie_ii_have_six_colors#comment-70109
  3. ^ Reimer, Jeremy (December 14, 2005). "Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  4. ^ Isaacson, Walter (2011). Steve Jobs. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9781451648546. OCLC 859338048.
  5. ^ Wozniak, Steve. "Comment From e-mail: Why didn't the early Apple II's use Fans?". woz.org. Archived from the original on December 26, 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
  6. ^ "Steve Jobs 'played no role at all' in designing the Apple I or Apple II computers, Woz says". Yahoo Finance. September 2, 2015. Retrieved December 5, 2023.
  7. ^ Stein, Jesse Adams (2011). "Domesticity, Gender and the 1977 Apple II Personal Computer". Design and Culture. 3 (2): 193–216. doi:10.2752/175470811X13002771867842. hdl:10453/30296. S2CID 143648126.
  8. ^ "Most Important Companies". Byte. September 1995. Archived from the original on June 18, 2008. Retrieved June 10, 2008.
  9. ^ Steven Weyhrich (April 21, 2002). "Apple II History Chapter 4". Archived from the original on September 25, 2006. Retrieved November 16, 2006.
  10. ^ "Interview with Rob Janoff, designer of the Apple logo". July 20, 2020. Archived from the original on October 24, 2017. Retrieved September 12, 2020.
  11. ^ Weyhrich, Steven (May 16, 2003). "1990-1995". Apple II History. Archived from the original on August 19, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
  12. ^ "The 25 Greatest PCs of All Time". PC World. Archived from the original on May 11, 2008.
  13. ^ "10 Most Popular Computers in History". HowStuffWorks. September 25, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2024.
  14. ^ "The Most Important PCs in History, Ranked". Digital Trends. August 12, 2021. Retrieved March 6, 2024.
  15. ^ Stuart, Keith (September 7, 2020). "The 20 greatest home computers – ranked!". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved March 6, 2024.

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